MARKETING SUSTAINABILITY Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

MARKETING SUSTAINABILITY - Case Study Example Since tourists visit to see nature, such as wildlife and visit exotic places, tourist host destinations preserve nature to attract them. Additionally, the revenue paid by the tourists when they visit such places generates funds for maintaining and upgrading such areas. On the negative aspect, tourism may lead to exploitation of the environment such as overuse of beaches or trespassing in sensitive areas such as coral reefs (Bhatia 2002, p.36). Tourism facilities such as hotels may cause pollution to the seas, and motor vehicles pollute the air from the fumes. Consumption behaviour defines the study of individuals or groups with relation to their process of preferring products or services in order to identify the effects which they have on the society and the consumers (Sarah & Claire 2013, p.11-28). In the case of Costa Rica, the government should be the one responsible for this aspect of marketing. This means that the government should seek to identify which resources are most needed by tourists so that they can devise the best means of satisfying their demands. In so doing, the consumers (tourists) would be satisfied and comfortable with Costa Rica and this would have a guaranteed positive impact on society. These impacts include development, sustenance of resources, and better reputation. The reason why the government should be the responsible party for this tool is that it has the ability to influence the players in the tourism industry to align with what will be highlighted as factors promoting better tourism behaviour. Ecotourism in Costa Rica can be enhanced by segmenting it into two partitions; leisure ecotourism, and educative ecotourism. By understanding the two segments deeply, it is easier to provide the conditions and/or demands that each market requires for enhancement. The leisure ecotourist has different experiences and benefits from the educational ecotourist. This tourist displays lesser concern

Business Ethics Essay Example for Free

Business Ethics Essay H.B Fuller and the Street Children of Central America (Summary) The Resistol were produced by H.B Fuller company, a global manufacture of adhesives, sealants, and other specialty chemicals, and had operations in over 40 countries in North America, Europe, Asia and Latin America. H.B Fuller was a very profitable company. Honduras and Guatemala are two countries where fuller markets it glue products and the two countries where Resistol abuse is most pronounced. More than a third of people in Honduras and Guatemala were below poverty, and this economic condition directly affected to Family Life situation, commonly unstable, stressful conditions, husbands abandoned their wives and children. The countless children ran away from home life and roamed the city street, street children uses glue (H.B Fuller) by sniffing them (glue addicted) as the way to get-away from their real life condition. The misuse one of the adhesives, Resistol, a toluene base glue, by the street children of America, where the social economic was taking part of this situation. For years H.B Fuller had been pressure by child advocate groups in Central America and the United States, and encouraged the company to minute amounts of mustard seed-oil a common food additive, reported virtually eliminated abuse of its glue. In March 1989 legislature of Honduras passed decree 36-89 which banned importing or manufacturing solvent based adhesives that did not contain mustard oil. This situation surely disadvantages for H.B Fuller company business environment , H.B. Fuller subsidiary began lobbied the government to have the law revoked, brought some data and showed by adding the mustard seed oil caused; reduce the glue effectiveness, the smell would irritating to legitimate user, the substance was potentially carciogenic. H.B Fuller also took several actions related to help to prevent glue addiction for street children, in order to reduce the availability of glue to children they discontinued selling the glue in small jar, paying the social workers to work with street children and began providing information to distributors warning of the dangers of Resistol addiction. The actions keep continued on July 16th, 1992, the company stop selling the glue to retailer and only sold the glue to industrial customer in large tubs and barrels and cooperate with distributors to set up new control restricting distributions in retailer, on 1994, the company decided to change the toluene based into cyclohexane and increased the price up to 30% it further out of reach of children, of these moves, the company said, that this would discourage use of this glues among street children. In 1995, company issued a statement claiming that in reality it, neither manufactured nor sold Resistol, instead the company, asser ted it was a subsidiary of a subsidiary of the company in central America that had actually made and sold Resistol, and claims that the company was responsible the deaths of children are nothing More than attempt to hold fuller liable for acts and omissions of its second-tier Guatemalan subsidiary.

The role of the family in education

The role of the family in education The family is the most important primary group in society (C.N.Sharkar, 1990, p.392).. Every one is a member of family and has duties to make our self to become a person who have responsibility and value. Also, family has responsibility in teaching children as its contribution in a building human resource for society. Member of family has right to get the body prevent, take care, and human right from parents. Member of family need meal, clothes, home, education, health prevention, and safety. To complete this needs, the parents try to do anything to raise and complete all needs (MoEYS, 2009, p.186). The family also has function to provide formal and informal education to children or member of family. So function of family is very important to educate children to become human resource in society. Focusing on Cambodia, family has also been considered as an important agency in education. As already stated in the Education For All National Plan: 2003-2015 (EFA) stated that the sharing responsibility of parents, and local community people (MoEYS, 2004, p.4). In order to study this topic deeply, a literature review related parents function in educating children in Cambodia has been conducted in purpose to answer two main questions as following: What does MacIvers theory explain about family function in education? What does family function provide education to children in term of Cambodia social and cultural context? II- Literature review: The family as a social institution performs several functions. There are many scholars provide many functions of the family likes Kingley Davis has of four main function of the family: Reproduction, Maintenance, Placement , and socialization. Similarly, Ogburn and Nimkoff have mentioned six major functions of family: Affectional, Economic, Recreation, Protective, Religious and Educational ( C.N.Shankar, 1990, p.395). But I would like to interest in MacIvers theory, he has describe two function of the family: The primary function or Essential function and The secondary function or non essential function ( C.N.Shankar, 1990, pp.395-397). The primary function or essential function: There are six major functions in the primary function or essential function including firstly, Stable satisfaction of sex need refer to sex drive is powerful in human being and sex need make human try to do anything to develop their livelihood. Secondly, Reproduction relates the result of sexual satisfaction is reproduction. Reproduction is a function of family to reproduce a new birth for social. Thirdly, Production and Rearing of the child relevant the family provides the individual life and a chance to survive. We owe our life to the family. The child which is helpless at the time of birth is given the needed protection of the family. So family is a function par excellence for the production and rearing of children. The fourthly, Provision of home connect the family provides the home for its member. Home is a place that provides opportunity for member meeting to educate each other. Children are born and brought up in home only. Though, often children are born hospitals, clinics, m aternity homes, etc., they are nursed and nourished in the homes only. The fifthly, Family-An instrument of culture Transmission refer to the family transmits ideas and ideologies, folkways and more, customs and tradition, beliefs and values from one generation to the next. So children or members of family had to learn the field by parents. The sixthly, Status Ascribing function relate the family also performs a pair of functions status ascription for the individual, and societal identification for the individual people recognize us by our names and our name are given to us by our family. The secondary function of family or non-essential function: There are four major four functions in family, the firstly, Economic Functions: relevant to the previously member of family work together in farms for the production of goods. Member of family think about relationship to provide individual needs each other. They cooperate and help to correct, teach about process of economic. But now the situation has changed. The family member does not work together at home. They are engaged in different economic activities out side the home. The secondly, Educational functions relate the family provides the basic education to children. The member of family teaches children how to speck, how to organize, etc†¦ The member of family helps to develop children motor skill, intelligent etc. Today preschool has instead of family function. The thirdly, Religious function relate the family is a centre for the religious training of the children. The children learn from their parents various religious virtues. The family used to teach the children the rel igious values, moral precepts, way to worshipping God, etc. The fourthly, The Recreational Functions: connect with the recreation was largely family based. It fostered a close solidarity. Reading aloud, visiting relatives, family reunions, church socials, singing, dancing, playing indoor games, etc., brought together the entire family. Elders would organize their own recreation among themselves or together with other children. Both the primary function and Secondary function play a very important role in education, but secondary function seems to be more important function than primary function because it shapes children personality, help them able to communicate with others, and household financing supports that help to build childrens capacity.. Unlikely, primary function just focuses on sex needs, reproduction of generation, provide home or we can say primary needs that all family has lost. III- The Cambodia Context: Religious Education: All Cambodian are influenced by Buddhism. The function Buddhism is to educate and to assist in the society for people to become good. Buddhism educates people, family, women, and children to know the right way. What is right for the individual is right for society. As individuals you have to think about your feeling and that to obey parents and elders. You need to find the right way to educate the younger generation. (Janet,2006.p94).The family plays a very important role to education children. As we know, parents are key member in family, they educate children about daily activities like to educate children to respect older people, help parents to prepare food and flowers for monks, wearing appropriate clothes when children go to pagoda (Chantal, 2000, p.3). Support family education: Although Cambodia is a poor country, but parents have participated to support children both emotion and material. To relate the economy, they support both direct and indirect costs of schooling. Direct costs include those which are met by providers of schooling plus the additional costs which are met by parents for uniforms, books, transport and related items. Indirect costs include the opportunity costs of income forgone when children attend school rather than engaging in other activities. The indirect costs are a major burden for some parents, particularly the poorest, and can be a significant determinant of whether, or not a child attends school (Mark and Seng, 2005, p.1). To sum-up, most parents in Cambodia have participated to provide supporting, push their children in education sector. It show that function of family in Cambodia have responsibilities to provide education to children in formal school. Home-learning: Parents remain the childrens first and primary educators. It is in their family that children have their first learning experiences, explore and discover the world, and develop.(Claire,June 2009, p55) A young children needs to be supported by his or her family. It is there that the first learning experiences occur, and where social rules are acquired. Very soon, language is learned, the body is controlled, relationships develop and the child becomes an integrated member of the community (Claire, June 2009,p8).For example, when children enjoy with their mother during cooking, they ask many questions about new things they see then the mother gives answers. The questions and the responses of their mother help children to develop their intelligence. (Chantal,2004,74).Therefore, parents play very importance to educate children. IV- Conclusion: To sum-up there are two functions of family as primary function and secondary function in MacIvers theory. Although the primary function refer to stable satisfaction of sex need, reproduction or procreation, production and rearing of the child, provision of home, family-an instrument of culture, status ascribing function, and affectional function, but the secondary function is more important because it a function that help children to develop their capacities to access in primary school. Focusing on Cambodia, family also has three function to education children, like religious function, education function, and home-learning. The parents are key educator to provide health, nutrition, sanitation, safety, education, socialization and emotional life and seeking to stimulate all aspects of development as physical, intellectual, emotional, social to their children, because children early start to learn from their family.

health care Essay -- essays research papers

Health care, what some consider being a basic human right, what our country considers to be a privilege to those who have the funds to support it. Unfortunately, today’s American health care system is no longer only negatively affecting the poor and uninsured, but is now affecting middle class suburbia. This paper will focus on the cause and possible solution to the recent upswing in bankruptcy filings due to medical health care costs. Harvard professors Steffie Woolhandler and David Himmelstein, along with Harvard law professor Elizabeth Warren and Ohio University sociology and anthropology professor Deborag Throne compiled statistically accurate data on bankruptcies in the United States. Their published study found that between 1981 and 2001, medical related bankruptcies have increased by an astounding 2,200 percent. This when compared to the 360% growth in all personal bankruptcies during the same period, is simply a figure that cannot go ignored. â€Å"About twenty-five years ago, filing for bankruptcy because of debts from medical problems was virtually unheard of.† (Frosch, 2005) Today medical costs are the second leading cause of personal bankruptcy, topped only by job loss. One factor affecting this rise in personal bankruptcies relating to medical costs is the dramatically increasing health care costs in the United States. â€Å"In 2002 American paid an average of $5440 in medical expenditures, up $419 from the previous year alone.† (Frosch, 2005) The major increases in medical costs can be attributed to technological advancements and the high costs associated with break-through drugs. Capitalism is the driving force of the medication industry. Higher medical costs are the first major factor increasing health care costs. â€Å"What you’re seeing in the bankruptcy numbers is a function of the fact that there is a very thin social safety net in this country in terms of health care.† (Frosch, 2005) Another major factor is the huge spike in the past fifteen years of uninsured Americans. In 2005, there are 45 million uninsured Americans, a jump of 10 million since 1990. The uninsured have always been a humanitarian issue heavily considered when dealing with political reform. There is however a segment of the American population that gets more attention, the middle-class. &... ...ming up with solutions to solve it is very difficult. â€Å"The only real cure for the medical bankruptcy epidemic, according to Physicians for a National Health Program, is national health insurance – a system where coverage isn’t linked employment†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Frosch, 2005) I will not claim to understand the economic ramifications in the institution of a nationalized health care system. I will however say that humanity is lacking in American culture. Selfishness continues to be a pervasive force. One argument supporting privatized health care is the quality of care that one receives. Another argument for it is that by having it privatized and as a function of a capitalized system, competitions force drives medical breakthrough rates much higher than anywhere else in the world. I will make my position clear. When it comes to the issue of healthcare, I do not value one human life more than another. I rather see everyone receiving mediocre to good care as compared to our current situation which leaves a tremendous amount of Americans suffering. Frosch, Dan. "Your money or your life: when getting sick means going broke† The Nation, Feb. 21 (2005): v280 i7 p11

Best Story

Today is my first day at the UniKL City Campus. After the registration session at the Multipurpose Hall, I need to go to the Male Hostel and later on to the Administrative Building. So, I asked one of the security guards on duty the way to both places. He explained to me the routes to the Male Hostel and the Administrative Building. First, from the guard Post 1, I must go straight and turn left into Jalan Teknologi. Then, I need go straight until I found Multipurpose Hall at my left and at the junction; I must turn left into Jalan Teknikal. After that, I must go straight until I found the classroom and laboratory at my left and turn left into small path at the end of classroom building. Then I need to turn right to park my car at student parking area and I will found the Male Hostel in front of the student parking area but I need to cross restricted area. After I check in at Male Hostel, I need to go to Administrative Building to settle out my document. From student parking area, I need to turn to small path and turn right into Jalan Teknikal. Then, I must going straight and turn right at the end of Jalan Teknikal into Jalan Teknologi. Then, I must take the first junction and I will found Multipurpose Hall at my left. When I move to in front, I will found the classroom and laboratory at my right and the Administrative Building at my left.

Sample Topics for Comparison Contrast Essays

Sample Topics for Comparison Contrast Essays In high school and college literature classes, one common type of writing assignment is the comparison and contrast essay. Identifying points of similarity and difference in two or more literary works encourages close reading and stimulates careful thought. To be effective, a comparison-contrast essay needs to be focused on particular methods, characters, and themes. These ten sample topics demonstrate different ways of achieving that focus in a critical essay. Short Fiction: The Cask of Amontillado and The Fall of the House of UsherAlthough The Cask of Amontillado and The Fall of the House of Usher rely on two notably different types of narrator (the first a mad murderer with a long memory, the second an outside observer who serves as the readers surrogate), both of these stories by Edgar Allan Poe rely on similar devices to create their effects of suspense and horror. Compare and contrast the story-telling methods employed in the two tales, with particular attention to point of view, setting, and diction.Short Fiction: Everyday Use and A Worn PathDiscuss how details of character, language, setting, and symbolism in the stories Everyday Use by Alice Walker and A Worn Path by Eudora Welty serve to characterize the mother (Mrs. Johnson) and the grandmother (Phoenix Jackson), noting points of similarity and difference between the two women.Short Fiction: The Lottery and The Summer PeopleAlthough the same fundamental conflict of tradition vers us change underlies both The Lottery and The Summer People, these two stories by Shirley Jackson offer some notably different observations about human weaknesses and fears. Compare and contrast the two stories, with particular attention to the ways Jackson dramatizes different themes in each. Be sure to include some discussion of the importance of setting, point of view, and character in each story. Poetry: To the Virgins and To His Coy MistressThe Latin phrase carpe diem is popularly translated as seize the day. Compare and contrast these two well-known poems written in the carpe diem tradition: Robert Herricks To the Virgins and Andrew Marvells To His Coy Mistress. Focus on the argumentative strategies and specific figurative devices (for example, simile, metaphor, hyperbole, and personification) employed by each speaker.Poetry: Poem for My Fathers Ghost, Steady as Any Ship My Father, and Nikki RosaA daughter investigates her feelings for her father (and, in the process, reveals something about herself) in each of these poems: Mary Olivers Poem for My Fathers Ghost, Doretta Cornells Steady as Any Ship My Father, and Nikki Giovannis Nikki Rosa. Analyze, compare, and contrast these three poems, noting how certain poetic devices (such as diction, repetition, metaphor, and simile) serve in each case to characterize the relationship (however ambivalent) between a daughter and her f ather. Drama: King Oedipus and Willy LomanDifferent as the two plays are, both Oedipus Rex by Sophocles and Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller concern a characters efforts to discover some kind of truth about himself by examining events from the past. Analyze, compare, and contrast the difficult investigative and psychological journeys taken by King Oedipus and Willy Loman. Consider the extent to which each character accepts difficult truthsand also resists accepting them. Which character, do you think, is ultimately more successful in his journey of discoveryand why?Drama: Queen Jocasta, Linda Loman, and Amanda WingfieldCarefully examine, compare, and contrast the characterizations of any two of the following women: Jocasta in Oedipus Rex, Linda Loman in Death of a Salesman, and Amanda Wingfield in The Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams. Consider each womans relationship with the leading male character(s), and explain why you think each character is primarily active or passive (or bot h), supportive or destructive (or both), perceptive or self-deceived (or both). Such qualities are not mutually exclusive, of course, and may overlap. Be careful not to reduce these characters to simple-minded stereotypes; explore their complex natures. Drama: Foils in Oedipus Rex, Death of a Salesman, and The Glass MenagerieA foil is a character whose main function is to illuminate the qualities of another character (often the protagonist) through comparison and contrast. First, identify at least one foil character in each of the following works: Oedipus Rex, Death of a Salesman, and The Glass Menagerie. Next, explain why and how each of these characters may be viewed as a foil, and (most importantly) discuss how the foil character serves to illuminate certain qualities of another character.Drama: Conflicting Responsibilities in Oedipus Rex, Death of a Salesman, and The Glass MenagerieThe three plays Oedipus Rex, Death of a Salesman, and The Glass Menagerie all deal with the theme of conflicting responsibilitiestoward self, family, society, and the gods. Like most of us, King Oedipus, Willy Loman, and Tom Wingfield at times try to avoid fulfilling certain responsibilities; at other times, they may appear confused as to what their m ost important responsibilities should be. By the end of each play, this confusion may or may not be resolved. Discuss how the theme of conflicting responsibilities is dramatized and resolved (if it is resolved) in any two of the three plays, pointing out similarities and differences along the way. Drama and Short Fiction: Trifles and The ChrysanthemumsIn Susan Glaspells play Trifles and John Steinbecks short story The Chrysanthemums, discuss how setting (i.e., the stage set of the play, the fictional setting of the story) and symbolism contribute to our understanding of the conflicts experienced by the character of the wife in each work (Minnie and Elisa, respectively). Unify your essay by identifying points of similarity and difference in these two characters.

Chapter 5 Study Guide Essays

Chapter 5 Study Guide Essays Chapter 5 Study Guide Paper Chapter 5 Study Guide Paper The process that occurs when physical force break rock into smaller pieces without changing the rocks chemical composition is called ? Mechanical weathering What is the weathering processes involving the constant freezing and thawing of water? Frost wedging What are the process of mechanical weathering? Frost wedging , unloading , biological activity When water freezes, its volume______? Which of the following is the result of chemical weathering ? A rock that has been changed into one or more compound What kind of weathering would cause the writing on a marble gravestone to become harder and harder to read over? Chemical weathering A soils texture is determined by ________? Clay, silt and sand The main source of organic matter in soil is _____? Plants In figure 5-2 what is the layer labeled Y composed of ? A soil that is characteristic of the humid eastern United States is _________? A soil associated with the hot and wet tropics is ________? laterite Which of the following human activities has caused an increase in soil erosion? The process responsible for moving material down slope under the influence of gravity is called? Mass movement What is the force behind mass movement? Gravity What is the slowest type of mass movement ? What is responsible for the formation of exfoliation domes The gradual rounding of the corners and the edging of angular blocks of rocks is called ? The process called__________ involves physical forces that break rock into smaller pieces In the process of ___________ , water freezes and expands, enlarging cracks in rocks A large pile of debris that forms at the base of a slope is called ? The most important agent in chemical weathering is? The layer of rock and mineral fragments produced by weathering, and covering nearly all of earths land surface is called ? Human activities that remove vegetation have resulted in an _______________ in soil erosion The force that drives mass movements is ? List three factors that affect the rate of weathering How are soils classified based on textures ? What are the three processes that breaks rock into smaller pieces during mechanical weathering? Use figure 5-1 to determined what a soil is called if it has 20 percent clay, 60 percent silt and 20 percent In a well developed soil profile which horizon is the uppermost layer? In figure 5-2, what is the layer layered X?

Six

Six Executive Summary In medical facilities, cost incurred in different sectors need to be managed in an effective manner. Both medical and support staffs need to be incorporated in designing of policies and mechanisms to maintain their expenses at low costs and yet offer quality services.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Six-Sigma at Academic Medical Hospital specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Quality medical attention is a human right, to ensure that they are available at an appropriate cost, all sectors in the hospital need to be analysed and areas of inefficiency recognised. Six-sigma is a management tool that approaches management from a scientific angle; it analyses an entire organizations processes and by creating relationships and data analysis, the area with a deficit is recognized, then coming up with appropriate strategies to minimize threats brought about by the inefficient system. Background Academic Medic al Centre  is a leading medical facility situated in Bijlmer, Netherlands; it doubles as a medical facility and a teaching centre for    University of Amsterdam. To give quality services, resources are required; however, resources are limited, there is need to use the available resources in an appropriate manner. When resources are used in the right manner, then the facility will offer services at an affordable rate and support research and development projects that are crucial in a medical facility. Efficiency in medical facilities has numerous benefits to the business; for example, it gives a facility competitive advantage in terms of expertise, research and customer base. When a company implements a six sigma procedure, it ensure that there is efficiency in all processes in a business it uses scientific methods like data analysis to make decisions in a certain area. The process aims at attaining specializations in areas of interest in a way that the result will give an overal l efficiency in an organization (Snee Hoerl, 2002). It creates special infrastructure and labels the users of such processes as â€Å"Belts†. There are â€Å"green belts† and â€Å"barrack belt† among others. Analysis of six-sigma policy in Academic Medical Centre When implementing a six-sigma policy in business, a number of steps that need to be followed, they follow the policy of DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyse, Improve and Control). All the above areas are looked into when developing a Six-sigma element in an organisation. Let us analyse the steps involved in each section: Define Academic Medical Centre  has to understand the need to develop a six-sigma management tool; the tool should be taken as a strategic management tool when the company have recognised a deficit between the planned operation and the real operation. In a medical facility, the areas to consider include the costs expenditure, the satisfaction  of patients and customer care. Concerns of customers are noted, the trade of profit is analyzed.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More After the problem has been defined, the next stage is for the management to gather all relevant data and facts. Using the facts and data, alternatives of choices are formulated; customers who have complained may be called to give more details, budgets and corporate plans reviewed compare the company with other companies in the same industry, consider data from published and UN published sources. The information gotten will assist is establishing potential benefits (IPBs) and critical to quality factors (CTQ). Measure This stage the management takes time to identify the key factors that influence potential benefits (IPBs) and critical to quality factors (CTQ); it is the stage that is more time consuming because the management need to device measurement to be use to gauge the performance of the entire organization. This stage the management with the assistance of departmental head should devise minimal standards required to be set for an appropriate implementation; they are guided by the corporate plan that was initially operating in the company. This happens after understanding the potential of a certain process. It is appreciated that it may not be possible to get a 100% outcome out of the projects/process in an organization; however, there is a minimal level that the system should not go (Pande, Neuman Cavanagh, 2001). Analyse At this stage having, the potential benefits (IPBs) and critical to quality factors (CTQ) and the key factors that affect them, then an analysis of the root causes of the problem is embarked. The relationship among different variables is established and the areas that require immediate attention recognised. Inefficiency in one-area leads to an inefficiency in another area, thus the source area should be interpolated and p roblem addressed directly. There are different method of analysing data, they include, Z-test, T-test, the chi-square and F-test. The method to be used in on particular approach is dependent with the organisation. Since Academic Medical Centre, has a variety of customer form different social classes, it is important to use Z-test (Pyzdek Paul, 2009). Improve With deep problem understanding and having analysed data, the next stage is to choose the best alternative to implement. Since in a hospital situation there are a number of departments, various alternatives may need to be developed each responsive to the needs of a certain department. Implementation team has a deep understanding of the problem at hand, has a well-defined picture of what is going on in an organization, understand departments with inefficiencies and the financial implications of the gaps. Alternatives are derived and the best alternative among the many is considered.Advertising We will write a custom as sessment sample on Six-Sigma at Academic Medical Hospital specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is important to follow a scientific managerial decision making process. Managerial decision-making is the process through which managers arrive at the alternative solution to a given challenge facing an organization. The success of an organization is dependent on the quality of decision made its manager. One of the major attributes that make a good manager stand out is his or her decisiveness. The quality of decisions made will directly be reflected in the performance of his or her organization. Control The last stage is control of the implemented project; controlling teams need to have a experienced personnel’s who have been recognized to have a certain efficiency level in an area, they should be empowered to conduct their duties. Though it is the final stage, it carries a lot of weight since it oversees that every process in the organizat ion has been fully upgraded. Feedback is of importance and considered for further decision making. The following are some of the tools for this work quality control process charts, control charts, and standardization practices. Repeatedly there may be possibility that the company devise better ways of doing things and this should not be locked out be the system (Pande, Neuman Cavanagh, 2001). Recommendations and Conclusion Academic Medical Centre  need to develop an efficient Six-sigma management system; under the system the company will establish its areas of weakness and determine the appropriate strategies to implement to improve the overall performance of a the medical facility. Other than focusing in one area, the policy will assist the company look into both medical staffs and support departments. The managers will be able to control cost so as they can offer quality services at an affordable rate and have enough finances for research and development. References Pande, S., Neuman, P., Cavanagh, R. (2001).  The Six Sigma Way: How GE, Motorola, and Other Top Companies are Honing Their Performance. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Professional. Pyzdek, T., Paul, A. (2009).  The Six Sigma Handbook. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Snee, D., Hoerl, W. (2002).  Leading Six Sigma: A Step-by-Step Guide Based on Experience with GE and Other Six Sigma Companies. Upper Saddle River: FT Press.

Data management in cloud environments Thesis Proposal

Data management in cloud environments - Thesis Proposal Example There has been research conducted in this particular field which forms the framework for future research study. However the major reason behind selecting such research topic is that it would help to gain sufficient knowledge regarding multiple ways to store data in cloud environment. This study would even outline the challenges which are witnessed by the data stores and the appropriate ways through which most of such challenges are eliminated from the system. It can be stated that this research study deals with the intricacies which are associated with such data management system. The study would even be supported by some practical examples in order that audience gain insights in terms of internal functioning of cloud computing. In the past few years the increasing trend of computational power has also overwhelmed the data flow. It can be stated that recent advances that are associated with web technology has enabled users to store content of various sizes which is considered to be data management in cloud environment. There has been a paradigm shift in mechanism of large scale data processing and computing infrastructure. Cloud computing sets forth the provision for such computing infrastructure. This research study would aim at clearly distinguishing the various data management techniques in cloud environment. The main aim of the study can be further subdivided into identifying different data storage engines both SQL as well as noSQL. This study would not only focus on determining different data engines but would even encompass their respective pros and cons, performance issues and scalability between such data management engines. The research problem statement would be – â€Å"Identification of d ifferent data storage engines in cloud environment and outlining performance and scalability between these data management types.† This problem statement or research question would be addressed throughout the analysis. The major objective of the

Climate change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Climate change - Essay Example After that, the volume and pattern of warming that is been recorded, cannot be described by these factors alone. Studies shows there's a lot greenhouse gases (GHGs) emitted by humans that speeded up the causes of climate change. This evidences includes glaciers have melted and retreated dramatically, ocean acidification, oceans are getting warmer, and wild climates such as hurricanes and typhoons. Driving cars, deforestation of tropical forests, the emissions of gases from fossil fuel power plants and the increase habit of using chemical fertilizers on agricultural land are some the great factors the contribute the global warming. Levels of GHGs have gone up and down but it stays constant for thousands of years. Scientist usually use the term â€Å"climate change† instead of global warming because Earths average temperature rises and ocean heat spread around the globe cools some areas and on the other hand warms others. Below shows the illustration on the effect of climate cha nge. Studies also show that the Greenland ice is thinning. Some fear that the melting of ice sheet in Greenland could dramatically increase the sea levels. Ice also acts as a solar reflector. Less ice means the less heat reflects. For what we understand in oxygen and carbon dioxide cycle is that, the oxygen we breath comes from plants while human and animals produces carbon dioxides in which plants needed to produce their own food. With the growing industry for wood and paper products and with the use of forest for fuel, contributes to the mass deforestation around the globe. With less forest and a large volume of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, it contributes to the increasing temperature of earth. Typhoon Ketsana is one of the devastating typhoons that hit the Philippines last 2009.Flood water levels reached 6.1 meters. Affected residents were sent on their rooftop for refuge. Typhoon Ketsana killed 246 people in the Philippines and 32 in Vietnam. The typhoon Ketsana has becom e the focus of marathon discussion of climate change all over the world. Experts say that it is an example of climate disaster which poor nation, such as Philippines could face in warmer world. Below is a picture of victims of typhoon Ketsana Another man-made cause of global warming is the increase of human population. More people indicate more foods. That means more methane because more burning of fuel from transportations and power plants. Since more people needs more foods we have to raise food. Cattles is a good example of food. One source of methane is manure. This means more manure and more methane produced in the atmosphere. Global climate debates continue. Some also believes that global warming is a natural cycle and not caused by human. It is a natural process caused by volcanic eruptions, sun spots, changes on Earth orbit or the Earth changes towards the sun. Some also believed that the cause of increasing temperature in Earth is the activity of sun itself. The star which is at the center of solar system is getting warmer. Some experts also say that if we sum up industrial pollution of mankind, it is only just like a few volcanic eruptions For thousands of years, increasing temperature and the melting of glaciers has been observed. Whether the result is due to greenhouse gases or the sun’s natural cycle, we cannot deny the fact the temperature is rising. Whether global warming is man-made or not we can do something about it. Other ways saving Earth

Frank Lloyd Wright's Hanna House Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Frank Lloyd Wright's Hanna House - Essay Example Architects have delivered their inputs towards achieving tremendous structures that do not only offer purpose, but also meet the expectations placed on the outlook of the structure. Architects have applied the principles used to achieve stability in a structure, and incorporated them with design principles that uphold design. Frank Lloyd, 1867-1959 was an architect who applied the required components in his designs to achieve a consistency required to create an identity in his designs. The American architect and Interior designer based his concepts in designing structures that incorporated human comfort with the environmental features. His philosophy, later appreciated as organic architecture led to the advancement of a school of technique identified today as Usonian style (Twombly 270). He applied the concept in the early 30s in times when economic recession was at its peak to apply affordable materials to apply his skill. His structures were based on the need to deliver social tran sformation that humanity had learnt to appreciate. Of his famous structures stand the Hanna House situated at Stanford University in San Francisco. The design of the structure was unique because it was amongst the first structures that he completed and lacked rectangular forms. This paper highlights Frank Lloyd’s Hanna House in San Francisco with the concepts he applied its completion and significance. Concepts and style applied The Usonian house concept applied in the Hanna House had distinctive features that could be related to the structure (Wright, Mumford, Pfiffer and Wojtowicz 188). These structures were erected on gridded concrete with sandwich walls containing layers of wood pieces and building papers, contrary to the framed walls. The outstanding feature was flat roofs, mostly devoid of basements. An additional feature within the structures included small kitchen spaces situated to be adjoining the dining. Hanna House situated at the Stanford University has gained a reference to the Honeycomb building. This name was generated due to its outstanding features that employed hexagonal unit adapted by Wright from his octagonal building style. Purpose, contents and materials used The construction of the building began in 1937, and it saw its expansion in the next 25 years. The hexagonal design it applied gave a plan featuring six sided angled at 120-degrees to integrate the house with its setting witnessed in a sloping typographic form. Wright had designed the premise for Paul Hanna and Jean, his wife who had been famous educators at the university (Quinan 242). The design that he had initially created was meant to be accommodated in flat terrain that failed to meet its target. The structure of the building and he design incorporated in its completion led to the identity of its architect, Wright into a renowned American architect, and the building’s rank raised to be a National Historic Landmark. The distinction by Wright to develop a structur e that included a peculiar setting to deter from the recognized rectangular plan (Langmead 218). This had come at a time when the concept alter the dimension of the structure and incorporate stability that would ensure a unique building completion. The applied material to complete the structure was witnessed in the wooden finish that Hanna house depicted. Wright had applied the term Wooden House to call his invention, but the material applied on close inspection included red brick incorporated with

Dirct and eMarketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Dirct and eMarketing - Essay Example This connection between good levels of customer service and good levels of customer satisfaction and retention underpins the common association of customer service with keeping, rather than winning, customers. Customer service therefore plays a pivotal role in relationship marketing. Getting this role right, and to a standard of expertise that is superior to that of competitors and sustainable in the longer term, requires an in-depth understanding of the nature and nuance of customer service. Knowing customers means closing the loop between the messages sent to them and the messages they send back. Developments in IT have led to interactive communication tools such as the mobile phones being used to complement less interactive mechanisms such as mail or media advertisements. Growing use of carefully targeted direct mail has characterized this as the age of addressability. "Mobile commerce refers to transactions using a wireless device and data connection that result in the transfer of value in exchange for information, services, or goods. Mobile commerce, facilitated generally by mobile phones, includes services such as banking, payment, and ticketing" (Mobile commerce, 2005). "Some organisations view m-Commerce as merely another e-Commerce channel, those organisations that exploit the m-Commerce channel properly by developing alternative and complementary propositions will be more successful in m-Commerce" (E-Commerce, 2001). For suppliers, building longer-term customer relationships with the help of m-commerce means maintaining a dynamic knowledge of customers' requirements, preferences and expectations. While corner shop managers may be able to retain customer likes and dislikes in their heads, larger organizations need customer relationship management systems which manage data throughout the customer life-cycle, from initial contact, through information exchange and sales, to delivery and post-sales service. "Elsewhere in Asia, subscribers to Hong Kong mobile service Sunday can receive offers from shops as they pass them in the mall"(May, 2001). This interaction is as important with the mobile as with any other communication medium, and outsource its development and operations with minimal provision for information transfer - hence repeating the mistakes often made in the early days of the call centre. As surveys continue to show, advertising products and services with the help of m-commerce is relatively easy; more difficult, but absolutely crucial, is to gather vital customer information, obtain customer feedback, utilize existing knowledge about the customer and exploit the interactive nature to add value though product configuration (Evans, O'Malley, 2004). For instance, "a European-based mobile operator recently had some tickets for a pop concert for sale. Having identified a target audience, specials offers were sent to mobile customers by SMS allowing them to buy tickets at a discounted rate. Within an hour, all the tickets had been sold for approximately $100 each, customer details had been captured, and most customers had given permission for further follow up offers" (E-commerce, 2001). It is apparent that some industries are being restructured as organizations redefine themselves to take advantage of IT-enabled marketing, or are replaced by newcomers which operate

Investments & Returns Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Investments & Returns - Essay Example Systematic risk, in finance, also known as non-controllable or non-diversifiable risk is the uncertainty in financial returns caused by factors that are beyond the control of an entity. These factors are macro-economic in nature. This type of risk cannot be managed by the organizations. They are the interest rate risk, the inflationary risk, the exchange risk and the market risk. The interest rate risk is caused by the movements in the cost of debt, thereby causing a decline or an increase in the interest payment on debt finance. An increase in the interest rate is unfavourable to the borrowers who will dig deeper into their pockets in order to meet the cost of debt. On the other hand, an increase in the interest rate is favourable to the lender due to an increase in the return. The opposite of the statement is true (Akrani, 2012). The inflationary risk is caused by a future increase or decrease in the commodity prices due to a deficit or a surplus in the supply level. An increase in the inflation reduces the real value of the local currency while a decrease in the inflation increases the real value of the local currency. A decline in the value of the local currency reduces the value of organizations, whereas, an increase in the value of the local currency increases the value of organizations. The exchange rate risk is caused by the volatility of the exchange rate. The exchange rate is the price of a local currency against that of the foreign currency. Companies that have subsidiaries in the internal market lose/gain when converting foreign currency to local currency when the exchange rate decreases/increases (Akrani, 2012). A decrease in the exchange rate means that less local currency is given up for the foreign the foreign currency. On the other hand, an increase in the exchange rate means that more local currency is given up for the foreign currency. The market risk is caused by the rise and fall in the prices of shares and other securities in the

Is Ham correct that connection between science and naturalism is Thesis

Is Ham correct that connection between science and naturalism is arbitrary - Thesis Example Nye supports science by citing evolution theory to prove that creationism or naturalism is not connected to science. Scientists based their evidence on evolution theory that explains the origin of flora and fauna. Nye also confirms the arbitrary connection between science and naturalism when he says in the debate that creationism should not be offered in school alongside the scientific theory coursework. While Nye argues that the scientific theory is false, Ham arguments are based on religious beliefs that have been captured in the book of Genesis. Additionally, Ham’s interpretation about the creationism in Genesis shows that the earth was created 6,000 years ago through supernatural powers. On the other hand, Nye describes the earth that was formed 4.5 billion years ago by using proof such as homologies, fossil, and distribution of time and space. The disparities in Earth’s age brought forward by Ham and Nye confirms further that the link between naturalism and science is a random occurrence (Etchells). Scientific theories are essential because they are used to explain the historical origin of the phenomena under study. The criteria debunk myths when they provide consistent results to the public. Scientific theory is used in creating awareness through education about the essence of science as a whole. Students use the theories as point of reference when they are given scientific-based prompts. Additionally, scientific theories promote lessons of intelligence and research. Observations that are made are based on theories brought forward by ancient scientists. There would be limited knowledge about natural phenomena if there were no existing theories such as evolution. Ham makes his remarks by quoting importance of science and creationism in school. He reveals that researchers such as Stuart Burgess have embraced both science and creationism as separate entities. However, the professor uses scientific

Dirct and eMarketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Dirct and eMarketing - Essay Example This connection between good levels of customer service and good levels of customer satisfaction and retention underpins the common association of customer service with keeping, rather than winning, customers. Customer service therefore plays a pivotal role in relationship marketing. Getting this role right, and to a standard of expertise that is superior to that of competitors and sustainable in the longer term, requires an in-depth understanding of the nature and nuance of customer service. Knowing customers means closing the loop between the messages sent to them and the messages they send back. Developments in IT have led to interactive communication tools such as the mobile phones being used to complement less interactive mechanisms such as mail or media advertisements. Growing use of carefully targeted direct mail has characterized this as the age of addressability. "Mobile commerce refers to transactions using a wireless device and data connection that result in the transfer of value in exchange for information, services, or goods. Mobile commerce, facilitated generally by mobile phones, includes services such as banking, payment, and ticketing" (Mobile commerce, 2005). "Some organisations view m-Commerce as merely another e-Commerce channel, those organisations that exploit the m-Commerce channel properly by developing alternative and complementary propositions will be more successful in m-Commerce" (E-Commerce, 2001). For suppliers, building longer-term customer relationships with the help of m-commerce means maintaining a dynamic knowledge of customers' requirements, preferences and expectations. While corner shop managers may be able to retain customer likes and dislikes in their heads, larger organizations need customer relationship management systems which manage data throughout the customer life-cycle, from initial contact, through information exchange and sales, to delivery and post-sales service. "Elsewhere in Asia, subscribers to Hong Kong mobile service Sunday can receive offers from shops as they pass them in the mall"(May, 2001). This interaction is as important with the mobile as with any other communication medium, and outsource its development and operations with minimal provision for information transfer - hence repeating the mistakes often made in the early days of the call centre. As surveys continue to show, advertising products and services with the help of m-commerce is relatively easy; more difficult, but absolutely crucial, is to gather vital customer information, obtain customer feedback, utilize existing knowledge about the customer and exploit the interactive nature to add value though product configuration (Evans, O'Malley, 2004). For instance, "a European-based mobile operator recently had some tickets for a pop concert for sale. Having identified a target audience, specials offers were sent to mobile customers by SMS allowing them to buy tickets at a discounted rate. Within an hour, all the tickets had been sold for approximately $100 each, customer details had been captured, and most customers had given permission for further follow up offers" (E-commerce, 2001). It is apparent that some industries are being restructured as organizations redefine themselves to take advantage of IT-enabled marketing, or are replaced by newcomers which operate

Is Ham correct that connection between science and naturalism is Thesis

Is Ham correct that connection between science and naturalism is arbitrary - Thesis Example Nye supports science by citing evolution theory to prove that creationism or naturalism is not connected to science. Scientists based their evidence on evolution theory that explains the origin of flora and fauna. Nye also confirms the arbitrary connection between science and naturalism when he says in the debate that creationism should not be offered in school alongside the scientific theory coursework. While Nye argues that the scientific theory is false, Ham arguments are based on religious beliefs that have been captured in the book of Genesis. Additionally, Ham’s interpretation about the creationism in Genesis shows that the earth was created 6,000 years ago through supernatural powers. On the other hand, Nye describes the earth that was formed 4.5 billion years ago by using proof such as homologies, fossil, and distribution of time and space. The disparities in Earth’s age brought forward by Ham and Nye confirms further that the link between naturalism and science is a random occurrence (Etchells). Scientific theories are essential because they are used to explain the historical origin of the phenomena under study. The criteria debunk myths when they provide consistent results to the public. Scientific theory is used in creating awareness through education about the essence of science as a whole. Students use the theories as point of reference when they are given scientific-based prompts. Additionally, scientific theories promote lessons of intelligence and research. Observations that are made are based on theories brought forward by ancient scientists. There would be limited knowledge about natural phenomena if there were no existing theories such as evolution. Ham makes his remarks by quoting importance of science and creationism in school. He reveals that researchers such as Stuart Burgess have embraced both science and creationism as separate entities. However, the professor uses scientific

English Proverbs Essay Example for Free

English Proverbs Essay A Ability can take you to the top, but it takes character to keep you there. Zig Ziglar, in See You at the Top (1975), p. 380 Absence makes the heart grow fonder. From Isle of Beauty by Thomas Haynes Bayly Absence makes the heart grow fonder but makes the mind forget. The acorn (apple) never falls far from the tree. Act today only, tomorrow is too late Action is the proper fruit of knowledge. Actions speak louder than words. (a common English saying) Advice most needed is least heeded. After dinner sit a while, after supper walk a mile. All cats love fish but hate to get their paws wet. All flowers are not in one garden. Clothes make the man. A coin of gold is delighting in a bag of silver coins Cometh the hour, cometh the man. (Some information about the phrase and about its use by a 1940s cricketer) A constant guest is never welcome. A coward dies a thousand times before his death. The valiant never taste of death but once. From William Shakespeares Julius Caesar[1] The cure is worse than the disease. The customer is always right. Cleaning the house when kids are growing, is like shoveling snow when its still snowing. [edit]D Damned if you do, damned if you dont. Lorenzo Dow (d. 1834). [2] Desperate times call for desperate measures. The difference between a man and a cat or a dog is that only a man can write the names of the cat and the dog. Different strokes for different folks. Discretion is the better part of valor. Derived from The better part of valour is discretion, in the which better part I have saved my life. Falstaff in Shakespeares Henry IV, Part 1. Does a one-legged duck swim in circles? alternate saying for Does a bear shit in the woods and a common response to an obvious answer yes to a silly question. Do it today, tomorrow it may be against the law. Dont bark if you cant bite. Dont bite off more than you can chew. Dont bite the hand that feeds you. Dont bring a knife to a gun fight. Dont burn your bridges. Dont burn the candle at both ends. Dont count your chickens before theyre hatched. Dont cross a bridge before you come to it. Dont cry over spilt milk. Dont cut off your nose to spite your face. Dont dig your grave with your own knife and fork. Dont enter your nose in the affairs of others. Dont fall before youre pushed. Dont have too many irons in the fire. Dont judge a book by its cover. Dont judge a man by the size of his hat, but by the angle of his tilt. Dont let procrastination eat your own clock.

Concept Of Risk Management In Navy Management Essay

Concept Of Risk Management In Navy Management Essay The concept of risk management has been around the Navy since its inception. During the drawdown of the 1990s, the risk management concept was formalized into the Operational Risk Management (ORM) program. This structured approach was initiated to mitigate the risks associated with such a massive reorganization. Risk is inherent in all tasks, training, missions, operations, and in personal activities no matter how routine. The most common cause of task degradation or mission failure is human error, specifically the inability to consistently manage risk. ORM reduces or offsets risks by systematically identifying hazards and assessing and controlling the associated risks allowing decisions to be made that weigh risks against mission or task benefits. As professionals, Navy personnel are responsible for managing risk in all tasks while leaders at all levels are responsible for ensuring proper procedures are in place and that appropriate resources are available for their personnel to perform assigned tasks. The Navy vision is to develop an environment in which every officer, enlisted, or civilian person is trained and motivated to personally manage risk in everything they do This includes on- and off-duty evolutions in peacetime and during conflict, thereby enabling successful completion of any task and mission. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Integrate Safety and Risk Management into all on and off-duty evolutions to maximize mission readiness and to establish DON as an organization with world class safety where no mishap is accepted as the cost of doing businessà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Establish a risk management training continuum to ensure all DON personnel receive targeted [ORM] training and that all formal professional training courses are infused with examples of how effective risk management improves both safety and mission readiness. DON Objectives for FY 2008 and Beyond (9 Oct 07) Benefits of ORM Reduction of operational loss. Lower compliance/auditing costs. Early detection of unlawful activities. Reduced exposure to future risks. Table of Contents I. Statement of the Issue or Problem (1 page) II. Significance of the Issue / Problem Why the issue / problem is important to aviation human factors (1 page) III. Review of Relevant Research (include references to at least five aviation human factors journal articles and / or aviation human factors texts, such as those found in ebrary at the ERAU Hunt Library (5 pages) IV. Summary of Major Findings and Conclusions (1 page) V. Recommendations for future research to address the issue / problem (1 page) *********************What is ORM? The term Operational Risk Management (ORM) is defined as a continual cyclic process which includes risk assessment, risk decision making, and implementation of risk controls, which results in acceptance, mitigation, or avoidance of risk. ORM is the oversight of operational risk, including the risk of loss resulting from inadequate or failed internal processes and systems; human factors; or external events. +++++++++++++++++++++How The ORM process assists you in making smart and informed decisions. Actually, you apply ORM every day. At times, you may not even be aware of it as you carry out a task or mission. An example of this is as simple as crossing the street; you look both ways because you were taught this at a young age. However, today you dont even look at this as risk management, but something that you know is the right thing to do before crossing the street. Every Sailor has a role to play in managing risk during a commands task or mission, and every Sailor is vital to the success of the Navy team. Purpose The ORM process minimizes risks to acceptable levels, commensurate with task or mission accomplishment. Correct application of the ORM process will reduce losses and associated costs resulting in more efficient use of resources. Zero risk is not the intent of ORM. Goal The Goal of ORM is to develop an environment in which every officer, enlisted, or civilian person is trained and motivated to personally manage risk in everything they do; to manage risk and move forward to accomplish the mission while safeguarding our people and infrastructure. Risk management is a continuous process that is integral from the strategic level of planning through the tactical level and execution. It is a tool to help improve mission readiness and mission accomplishment. The figure shows the three levels of ORM defined primarily by time. There is no definitive separating line between the three levels (in-depth, deliberate, and time critical) represented by the transition in color flowing from one level to another as you approach the task or event. It is important to know we have resources to tap into. At each level of the planning process, hazards and associated risks are identified and appropriate controls are developed and implemented. These controls become resources upon which you can draw for the next level of planning and ultimately for execution. The ORM process is a systematic, continuous, and repeatable process that consists of five basic steps. Identify hazards Assess hazards Make risk decisions Implement controls Supervise (and watch for changes) The first two steps comprise the risk assessment portion of ORM and provide enhanced awareness and understanding of a given situation. This awareness builds confidence and allows for timely, efficient, and effective protective measures. The remaining three steps are the essential follow-through actions to either eliminate the hazard or mitigate the risks. Risk Assessment Matrix ORM Matrix Card ORM incorporates the following four principles: Accept Risk When Benefits Outweigh the Cost Accept No Unnecessary Risk Anticipate and Manage Risk by Planning Make Risk Decisions at the Right Level Accept Risk When Benefits Outweigh the Cost The process of weighing risks against the benefits and value of the mission or task helps to maximize success. Balancing costs and benefits can be a subjective process. Therefore, personnel with knowledge and experience of the mission or task must be engaged when making risk decisions. The goal of ORM is not to eliminate risk but to manage the risk so that the mission or task both on- and off-duty can be successful. The bottom line is, if no benefit can be achieved then do not take the risk. Accept No Unnecessary Risk Operational Naval Instruction (OPNAVINST) 3500.39 (series) states: If all detectable hazards have not been identified, then unnecessary risks are being accepted. Additionally, an unnecessary risk is any that, if taken, will not contribute meaningfully to mission or task accomplishment or will needlessly jeopardize personnel or material. The risk management process identifies hazards that might otherwise go unidentified and provides tools to reduce or offset risk. The acceptance of risk does not equate to the imprudent willingness to gamble. Take only risks that are necessary to accomplish the mission or task. Anticipate and Manage Risk by Planning Integrating risk management into planning as early as possible provides the greatest opportunity to make well-informed risk decisions and implement effective risk controls. This enhances the overall effectiveness of ORM and often reduces costs for your organization and yourself when off duty. Make Risk Decisions at the Right Level Anyone can make a risk decision. However, the appropriate decision maker is the individual who can eliminate or minimize the hazard, implement controls to reduce the risk, or accept the risk. Leaders at all levels must ensure that their personnel know how much risk they can accept and when to elevate the decision to a higher level. Ensuring that risk decisions are made at the appropriate level will establish clear accountability. Therefore, those accountable for the mission must be included in the risk management process. If the commander, leader, or individual responsible for executing the mission or task determines that the controls available to them will not reduce risk to an acceptable level, they must elevate the risk decisions to the next level in the chain of command. 3 LEVELS ========================================== The risk management process is applied on three levels: in-depth, deliberate, and time critical. The basic factor that differentiates each level is time; that is the amount of time available to dedicate to the preparation and planning of missions or tasks. Time Critical Risk Management (TCRM) Personnel know ORM. They develop plans and brief the crew on task procedures. However, we often fail to execute the plans as briefed. We do not manage change as it occurs, and those changes affect the original plans. Usually, the personnel injured during a task are those who were not involved in the original planning. Recent studies of the ORM process have found that personnel have a firm grasp of the In-Depth and Deliberate levels of ORM. Unfortunately, personnel fail to execute Time Critical Risk Management (TCRM) during tasks as events change. You are accustomed to the 5-step process during In-Depth and Deliberate ORM processes; however, realistically it is difficult to execute the 5-step process during the time critical level effectively. Therefore, we are introducing a new tool for the execution of TCRM. This tool will help you improve communication, handle change, and manage risk to ensure mission success. We are NOT eliminating the 5-step process rather, the five steps are incorporated into this new, easy-to-use tool. This model consists of various graphic representations for situational awareness (target), stacked blocks (resources), a swooping arrow (a return to good SA) and a four letter box mnemonic (ABCD) that will help you improve communication, handle change, and manage risk to ensure mission or task success. Its called the ABCD model. The ABCD mnemonic in the model is not a replacement for the 5-step ORM process or a different process of risk management, but it is the practical application of the 5-step process in a time-critical environment. Off-duty mishaps are extremely detrimental to the Navys operational capability. Because we are part of the Navy team 24/7, the actions we take off-duty can affect the readiness and operational capability of our commands mission or task, therefore affecting the Navy as a whole. Thus, we must constantly be aware of all risks involved in our everyday off-duty activities. ORM applies off-duty the same as on-duty. By consistently using the A-B-C-D loop in our individual activities, we can reduce the number of off-duty mishaps; thereby improving the Navys readiness and operational capabilities. These fewer mishaps will also allow individuals to meet personal and professional challenges now and in the future. Benefits of ORM Reduction of operational loss. Lower compliance/auditing costs. Early detection of unlawful activities. Reduced exposure to future risks. *****************Glossary of Terms ABCD The mneomic for the four actions of Time Critical Risk Management (TCRM). A-Assess the situation, B-Balance your resources, C-Communicate to others, D-Do and Debrief the event. Acceptable Risk The portion of identified risk that is allowed to persist during the mission or task. Additive Condition Refers to all items that compete for an individual or crews attention during the execution of a mission or task. Examples include; equipment malfunctions, change in weather, multiple players, unpredictable information, and change to the mission. Additive conditions may increase task loading or uncertainty and lead to distraction or channelized focus. Command (unit or organizational) ORM Integration Integrating ORM into the command relates to reviewing procedures, instructions, and processes; identifying hazards; and creating controls associated with those hazards Command ORM Manager Designated unit level individual, qualified in accordance with OPNAVINST 1500.75(series), who is responsible for implementing risk management principles, concepts, and policy within the unit. Consequential Error An error which leads to undesired consequences to property, personnel, or mission (e.g., mishap, personal injury, mission failure, etc.). Controls Actions taken or measures put in place to eliminate a hazard or reduce the associated identified risk. Some type of controls include engineering controls, administrative controls, and physical controls. Crew Factors Refers to human factors which affect the capabilities of the individual, crew, or team and can increase the potential for errors. This includes such things as attitudes, personalities, level of training, experience, fatigue, and physiological factors. CRM Crew Resource Management Exposure An expression that considers the frequency, length of time, and percentage of people or assests subjected to a hazard. Exposure is a component of risk, but not directly used to assign a level of risk. Rather, it is a consideration in determining probability and severity. Hazard Any real or potential condition that can cause injury, illness, or death to personnel; damage to or loss of equipment or property; degradation of mission capability or impact to mission accomplishment; or damage to the environment. (Synonymous with the term threat.) Operational Analysis A chronological or sequential list of the major events or elements in a mission or task. This is the complete picture of what is expected to happen and assures all elements of a mission or task are evaluated for all potential hazards OPNAV Office of the Chief of Naval Operations OPORD Operation Order OPS Operations ORM Operational Risk Management Operational Risk Management A process that assists organizations and individuals in making informed risk decisions in order to reduce or offset risk; thereby increasing operational effectiveness and the probability of mission success. It is a systematic, cyclical process of identifying hazards and assessing and controlling the associated risks. The process is applicable across the spectrum of operations and tasks, both on and off duty. ORM Assistant Designated unit level individual who is a subject matter expert (SME) on ORM principles and concepts, qualified in accordance with OPNAVINST 1500.75(series), and supports the command ORM manager in implementing risk management within the unit. PHA Preliminary Hazard Analysis PPE Personal Protective Equipment PO Petty Officer PQS Personal Qualification Standard Preliminary Hazard Analysis A means to create an initial list of hazards that may exist in an operation, task, or mission. This builds on the operational analysis and entails listing hazards and associated causes. Probability A measure of the likelihood that a potential consequence will occur. RAC Risk Assessment Code Residual Risk Risk remaining after controls have been identified and selected. Resource Something that can be used to develop controls and includes time, money, people or equipment. With respect to Time Critical Risk Management (TCRM), a resource is something used to prevent errors, speed up decision making, or improve team coordination. Resources are typically developed as controls at the in-depth or deliberate levels of risk management. They are broadly grouped into the following categories: Policies, procedures and routines; checklists; automation; briefings and external resources; and knowledge, skills and techniques. Risk An expression of possible loss, adverse outcome, or negative consequences; such as injury or illness in terms of probability and severity. Risk Assessment A structured process to identify and assess hazards. An expression of potential harm, described in terms of severity, probability, and exposure to hazards. Accomplished in the first two steps of the ORM process. Risk Assessment Code An expression of the risk associated with a hazard that combines its severity and probability into a single Arabic numeral which can be used to help determine hazard abatement priorities. This is typically accomplished through the use of a risk assessment matrix. The basic RACs are: 1-Critical, 2-Serious, 3-Moderate, 4-Minor, and 5-Negligible. Risk Decision The decision to accept or not accept the risk(s) associated with an action; made by the commander, leader, or individual responsible for performing that action. Root cause Any basic underlying cause that was not in turn a result of more important underlying causes. Describes the depth in the causal chain where an intervention could reasonably be implemented to change performance and prevent an undesirable outcome. The analysis of a hazard may identify multiple causes; however applying controls to the root cause is ultimately more effective that merely addressing an intermediate cause. Severity An assessment of the potential consequence intensity that can occur as a result of exposure to a hazard and is defined by the degree of injury, illness, property damage, loss of asset (time, money, personnel) or mission or task impairing factors. When analyzing risk, it is based on the worst credible outcome. Situational Awareness (SA) Refers to the degree of accuracy by which ones perception of the current environment mirrors reality Task Loading The number of tasks to complete, given a set period of time. Higher task loading increases the potential for error. Task loading can be reduced by either reducing the number of tasks or taking more time. TCRM Time Critical Risk Management TFOM Training Figure of Merit Threat See hazard. With respect to ORM, threat and hazard are considered synomynous. TORIS Training and Operational Readiness Information Services TRACS Total Risk Assessment and Control System Unacceptable Risk The risk when measured versus the benefit or value of the mission or task that cannot be tolerated and must be eliminated or controled. What If Tool A means of thinking about what may go wrong and stating it as a question beginning with the phraseWhat if? This method is most useful for personnel who are actually involved in the operation being analyzed and adds insight to some of the more significant hazards identified with the preliminary hazard analysis (PHA). WIT What IF tool

Gingko Biloba Essay -- Herbal Supplements Papers

Gingko Biloba Introduction We, as consumers, are always trying to find new products to buy in which to improve ourselves. In modern-day American culture, improving oneself has become synonymous with feeling younger and healthier. Gingko biloba extract is one of the popular herbal supplements being marketed to mainstream consumers as a "smart" and "anti-aging" drug (http://www.stevemorow.com/food.htm) which will work to help to increase their overall brain functioning in the normal population, as well as, those who suffer from mental impairment due to aging. Gingko biloba extract has also been labeled an anti-aging drug due to its antioxidant properties, its supposed free radical scavenger properties, as well as its reported increases in people’s overall mental functioning. You see advertisements for it on television, as well as, the Internet making a large number of different kinds of claims of Gingko biloba’s benefits. The claimed benefits range from increasing overall brain functioning in norma l people to people with mental impairment, to being a mood enhancer (http://www.televar.com/alpha/biloba.html), to helping with such slight conditions as cough and asthma, to helping increase circulation in patients suffering from painful vascular diseases to actually having "slimming" applications (http://www.mmpinc.com/WHATS.HTM). If all these claims are true, then Gingko biloba extract sounds like a "mulit-cure"drug for the entire population. This paper will attempt to reduce the confusion associated with the large number of claimed benefits of taking Gingko biloba by explaining what the research literature has to back up these claims. I had a hard time myself keeping track of all the reported claims. At this time, Gingko bil... ...esearch, 4(2), 89-93. Taillandier, J., Ammar, A., Rabourdin, J.P., Ribeyre, J.P., Pichon, J., Niddam, S., Pierart, H. (1986). Treatment of cerebral aging disorders with Gingko biloba extract. A longitudinal multicenter double-blind drug vs. placebo study. Presse Medicale, 15(31) Sep. 25, 1583-7. Vettorello, G., Cerreta, G., Derwish, A., Cataldi, A., Schettino, A., Occhionorelli, S., Donini, I. (1996). Contribution of a combination of aplha and beta benzopyrones, flavonoids, and natural terpenes in the treatment of lymphedema of the lower limbs at the 2nd stage of the surgical classification. Minerva Cardioangiologica, 44(9), 447-55. Warot, D., Lacomblez, L., Danjou, P., Weiller, E., Payan, C., Puech, A.J. (1991). Comparative effects of gingko biloba extracts on psychomotor performances and memory in healthy subjects. Therapie, 46(1) Jan-Feb, 33-6.

To Deny Competition is to Deny Life Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive

To Deny Competition is to Deny Life I can remember in fourth grade having an Easter egg hunt at school and having the teacher tell us that we could pick up only three eggs, and then we were to stop. Truth be told, that rule was probably in place for people like me who were so incredibly slow that the other kids would have gotten all the eggs before I even got there, but that didn't matter. I can still remember how stupid I thought it was and how it took the whole point out of the experience. Or how about when we had an art "competition" and half the class got first place ribbons and everyone else got second place ribbons. I had even less art skills than speed at that time and it still annoyed me. What was the prize worth if it was easily attained? Why were they trying to fool me in order to make me feel good about myself? Why were they afraid of real competition? I have been a fierce competitor all my life. I believe I owe most of the credit to having two older brothers who are somewhat close in age. I remember shooting baskets and knowing full well that the only way I was going to shoot the ball was if I managed to get the ball away from my much taller and bigger brothers. If I wanted to play with them at all, I had to learn some way of bridging that natural gap, and it instilled in me a competitive spirit that has been carried with me, further developed, and found to be essential throughout many aspects of my life. Humans are naturally competitive beings. If we weren't, we wouldn't still be around on this planet. One of the greatest and healthiest forms of competition is found in sports. The fact that sports are still thriving also points to our need for competition, for they are an outlet for our ... ... of life. If people can't see this, then it is easy to understand how they can't see the true beauty of competition. Competition is an essential part of growing up. It mirrors life almost to perfection while allowing it to be a game. To deny competition is to deny that life will present us with struggles. It is to pretend that this world will not offer obstacles to be overcome. To fear the pain of failure for either yourself or anyone else is to misunderstand the importance of challenges to create purpose. It is to misunderstand the balance of life. A hollow victory is no victory at all. So I say give me competition. I'll strive to do and be my best and I'll take my chances and if I fall short then so be it, for that's reality. Allow me to hold in balance the chance of failure and the hope of success, for it is in these moments that I can dare to be alive.

A Case Study of the Boscastle Floods

Where? Boscastle is in North Cornwall, in the South West of England. A small seaside town, it faces out onto the Atlantic Ocean. What? Flash floods hit the town on Monday 16th August 2004 in a 1 in 50 year occurrence. This caused 120mm of rain in 7 hours, twice the monthly average and causing the river to rise 8/9 feet. Understandably the river broke its banks, flooding Boscastle severely. Causes? The main cause was quite simply the fact that there was a lot of rain. 120mm of it in fact. Seeing as it had been raining for a few weeks before, saturating the ground, the water had nowhere to go but down the 2 steep valleys surrounding the village into the river. Or rivers – Boscastle is at the confluence of 3 rivers, the Valency and the Jordan. These understandably burst and the water was funnelled into the main road. Although this particular storm wasn't down the global warming, we are getting more heavy storms in recent years which is very likely to be to do with global warming. Impacts? Because of the enormous volume of the water and the shape of the hills, the water went very fast towards the sea, as high as 3 metres, and a speed of 40mph, leaving destruction behind. These speeds can move cars, 100 actually through the village, emptying and destroying the car park, washing them into the harbour and sea, or just leaving them dumped in the village. The amazing rush of water coupled with cars acting as out of control cannon balls, caused homes and businesses to be knocked down or washed away. One 16th century building was completely destroyed by a run away camper van. Water rushed easily into homes, destroying everything inside. With the main road turned into a river, the tarmac was destroyed, likewise bridges and signs etc. Although resembling something like a production from the Doctor Who Special Effects team, miraculously nobody was hurt or killed, probably because of the event happening in the day, unlike the Lynmouth flood in Devon 52 years to the day which took the lives of 34 people. They also have the emergency services to thank, who rescued 120 people, many of whom scrambled onto their roofs. 60 people were evacuated to a nearby village. Longer term impacts of the floods affect both the authorities and the people. People will be put off holidaying in Boscastle, an area almost totally reliant on tourism, costing their economy and the jobs and livelihood of people. The authorities will also have to replace damaged roads etc. and think about flood defences for the future. Insurance companies predict the clean up bill will run into millions of pounds. For the inhabitants of Boscastle, not only have their businesses been destroyed. The floods have damaged houses not only through pure destruction, but through damp as well. Possessions will have to be replaced as well as the floods having a great emotional impact on people. Reduction Methods? Considering Boscastle is a small village, which has only been flooded severely once, not much money can be allowed to be spent on stopping future floods. However, small reduction methods could be made such as deepening the river so it can hold more water. The material dug out can be used to create embankments to further deepen it. The course of the rivers could be changed, such as straightening them to make the water reach the sea faster without so many meanders to turn round. The river could be pumped underground in large pipes, although Boscastle would lose the river, which is one of the tourist appeals of the place. The authorities have actually spent à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½0.8m on widening and lowering the river Valency. They've also put a relief channel underground which can take water away from the river when there is a lot of rainfall. Finally, they've inserted a tree catcher so trees cannot create dams downstream if washed into the river.

Let’s start with Africa, book rerort Essay

The Caribbean is a distinct civilization made up of a range of culture, tradition and religious practices. In the Caribbean there are a number of books written by Caribbean authors that attempt to give insight into the way of life of Caribbean people. Let us start with Africa Foundations of Rastafarian scholarships is one such book that delves into the sphere of Rastafarianism. Let us start with Africa: Foundations of Rastafari scholarship is based on the commemoration on the inaugural Rastafari Studies Conference, held in August 2010. It provides significant unpublished work of the past fifty years of Rastafarianism. The book was edited by Jahlani Niaah: a lecturer in cultural and Rastafari studies, institute for Caribbean studies at the University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica, where he also coordinates the Rastafari studies unit and Erin MacLeod: a teacher at Vanier College in Montreal, Canada, and has served as a postdoctoral fellow at the University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica. The editors aim is â€Å"the text meant to both commemorate and celebrate scholars and practitioners of Rastafari- our aim is to demonstrate not only a range of thinking about the movement but the ways in which the movement, a movement which takes reasoning as a key practice, has encouraged reasoning about itself, the Pan African community and the international African presence’. The main contributors to the collection are: Mortimo Planno, Roy Augier, Barry  Chevannes and Rex Nettleford. Various social, political and historical issues were highlighted in the book. Consequently this paper will seek to discuss the issues that appealed to me intellectually as well as emotionally; gender disparity, repatriation and the role of reggae within the Rastafarian Diaspora. Rastafarianism is a male dominated movement that reflects gender differences. This is enforced by various rules and practices that perpetuate a woman’s subordination and inferiority to men. For example the Nyabinghi practices tend to reinforce the patriarchal orientation to the Rastafari movement. Males dominate binghi proceedings in their roles as drummers, priests and keepers of the binghi fires. Furthermore, women are not allowed to take part in the communal ritual of reasoning: a context defined as sacred by the Rastafari. This was the context in which the brethren prayed, in which elders coined ideology, in which new members were socialized, and through which all sought the inspiration of the divine. The reasoning ritual is a key aspect of the Rastafari and the fact that women are excluded from this important ritual is endemic of the minute role women play in the larger issues of the Rastafari movement and undercuts generally their involvement in the faith. In addition to being excluded from significant rituals within the movement, a woman dress code is dictated by the men within the faith. For instance, women heads must be covered so that her locks are not exposed as a sign of modesty and obedience to her husband or Kingman. Also her clothing must cover her shoulders and extends to the mid calf or ankle. These forms speak to symbolic subordination in the understanding that a woman’s path to Jah is always through a man. It is ironic that Rastafarianism as such a socially conscious movement dealing with the horrors of oppression and exploitation of blacks faced under the British colonial rule would invoke this kind of injustice and superiority over the women of the faith. Under British rule women were seen as unproductive and therefore paid lower wages to that of their counterparts. They were also seen as child bearers and were considered to be financial liability. It is inconceivable to me that women today are faced with the same indignities proposed to them of† Massa’ days by black men who have experience the struggle first hand to reduce to the same ideology. In my opinion women are  being dictated by another form of imperialism through the Rastafari movement. Rastafarian women are as such challenging their roles and demanding greater equality. For example, one of the earliest published statements by a Rastafarian woman critiquing the position of women within Rastafari is that of Maureen Rowe. Central to Rastafarian theology is the notion of repatriation. Thus throughout the book, the issue of and repatriation kept surfacing. Repatriation is physical movement to return to the land of Africa, the new Zion. Repatriation is a theological rather than a political concept. Rastafari attributes to Marcus Garvey the inspiration to look to Africa. In Roy Augier’s keynote lecture, he stated, â€Å"Rastafari began with Africa, from Garvey’s prophetic call to look to the east, to the commitment of early adherents to a newly crowned king in Ethiopia, it is clear that Rastafari begins in Africa†. Not coincidence with the title of the book, Let us start with Africa. The 2010 conference made the connection to Africa as it marked the eighteen anniversary of the coronation of His Imperial Majesty Haile Selassie and the fiftieth anniversary of the landmark publication of the report on the Rastafari movement in Kingston, Jamaica by scholars inclusive of Roy Augier. Repatr iation is a topic that has caused a number of debates. For instance, at the conference Augier describes the need for a strong relationship between the Caribbean and Africa. However his thinking, presents a trajectory that leads not physically but spiritually to Africa within the Caribbean and specifically in Jamaica. This new thinking was a topic of controversy as Augier was challenging one of the fundamental tenets of the movement. Many others regard the Rastafari as unpatriotic and anti-Jamaica because of their asserted Ethiopian identity and the stance they took on repatriation. The topic of repatriation, in my view furthers the notion of Caribbean identity: the histories of displacement brought about by slavery. It is an attempt to reconnect with a â€Å"lost† Africa. The identity with Africa because they were told that’s where they came from and may be wondering to where do they belong. In spite of this though, I believe that if this is their desire to return to their ancestral home it should be considered by the powers responsible for the disconnect between Africa and the Caribbean but more specifically Jamaica. Consideration of repa triation  should also be given as they were not afforded the same opportunity as indentured laborers did in acquiring land or being given the opportunity to return to their land of origin. Many of them stayed in the Caribbean but it was freedom of choice. Therefore the controversy surrounding the issues of repatriation is reflected on the colonial view of Africans. Unquestionably is the role music played on the Rastafari movement? The power in the music is an important part in understanding how Caribbean society is shaped and structured. Many societal thinkers have pointed to the importance of music as representative of the soul of a society. This can be said of the genre Reggae, synonymous with Jamaica and Rastafari. That reflects the lyrics of oppression. The rhythm of reggae occurred from the Ska in the 1950 ‘S, rock steady in the 1960’s and later roots reggae in the 1970’s†¦ Bob Marley gained popularization with his lyrics of redemption, which demonstrates the power of reggae music to fight for human rights, freedom and unity. Reggae music encapsulated the spiritual tone of Rastafarianism and poverty. Reggae music is an important means of transporting the beliefs of Rastafarianism. According to Rex Nettleford, in his writing; From the Cross to the Throne, â€Å"the influence was very strong, and this reflected in t he music. I keep telling people that the music, from ‘Ska’ right through to reggae and I presume dancehall, appropriated the Rastafarian movement not the other way around†. Reggae music was able to perform important persuasive functions, such as recruitment and legitimation of the Rastafarian faith. Furthermore it reconceptualized the notion of Rastafarian from â€Å"criminals† and Drug addicts† to the movement which sought for social change. The musician became the messenger in particularly Bob Marley whose messages was able to cross international borders. Maybe due to the themes of his songs that cut across all aspects of humanity. Reggae evokes a message of universal suffrage, and in doing so spreads a theme of class consciousness to the poor, illiterate and oppressed and a medium through which one can express their discontent. As a social commentary, reggae is a powerful means of attacking what is wrong in Jamaica, as well as the world. The music of Rastafarians is not only an artistic creation in the Jamaican society, but an expression of rejection of the white man’s Babylon. Reggae’s increasingly politicized lyrics addressed Rasta concerns with social and  economic injustice, the rejection of white culture, and the pressures of life in Jamaica. Early reggae artists, such as Jimmy Cliff, Peter tosh brought the message of Rastafarianism into the musical world but it is my opinion that the movement was popularized by Bob Marley. Therefore it is hard to imagine Rastafarianism without reggae and by extension Bob Marley. The contribution made by BOB Marley was delivered by Mortimo Planno in a bush Radio Interview; â€Å"So that was the purpose of having Bob Marley in Trench town, that we use him as our MessenJah who carry the messages around the world that today I can able feh be talking to my brethren and sistren in South Africa†. In writing this paper I discovered a few things. The first is that Rastafarian women have experienced a great deal of denigration and oppression by the male counterparts and women are speaking out on the issue of biases with the movement. Although it has been changing significantly women still have quite a long way to go in order to achieve equality within the movement. However, I am also sympathetic to the fact that the Rasta culture is something that I can never quite understand due to my not being a part of it. I must look at it more objectively and see that many Rasta women finds content in their position and they may find content in this position and feel that it is an integral role to their family life as well as to their community. This leads me to the conclusion that I should not be quick to judge the Rastafarian faith and their beliefs. Despite their negative treatment of woman, Rastafarian has an abundance of positive and socially conscious ethics. These should be preserved . In my own opinion, I feel that those elements of the Rasta faith can be preserved while still allowing woman a more prominent and equal role in the family and community. Another aspect that was discussed was is the issues of repatriation. In the early years of the movements development, one of its tenets were Haile Selassie was the embodiment of Christian divinity(the Black Christ or Black Messiah) and the entire African race shared in his divinity; and there would be a mystic return to the African homeland(known as Repatriation) as a redemption). This was met with controversy as it was seen as an unpatriotic. Undoubtedly, was that reggae music played an integral role in the global spread of the Rastafarian movement? With the lyrics rooted in fighting  social and economic injustice. Bob Marley was one of the major contributors to the expansion of the faith. I found the book to be useful, particularly in debunking the myths of Rastafarian culture. Despite the fact that upon purchasing when I read the book covers in its entirety I was disappointed to Rastafarian which meant the book was about Rastafarianism, which as a Christian was not really intere sted. I wanted to purchase another book but financial strains would not allow me to. However I am glad that I read the book and would recommend it to students of Caribbean studies, anyone with an interest in culture and history. The Language of the book was a bit challenging; especially in the first chapter but as you continued reading it was read with more ease. Bibliography Gebert Paravisini Lizabeth Olmos, fernandez, Margarite,. Creole Religions of the Caribbean. New York: New york Press, 2003. Print. Niaah Jahlani, Macleod Erin. Let us start with Africa, Foundations of Rastafari Scholarship. Mona, Kingston, Jamaica: The University of the West Indies Press, 2013. Print. The Encyclopedia of Caribbean Religious. Vols. volume 2 M-L. n.d.